{"id":2085,"date":"2015-09-17T20:48:11","date_gmt":"2015-09-17T20:48:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/enviroscholars.com\/wp2\/?p=2085"},"modified":"2016-01-03T11:43:57","modified_gmt":"2016-01-03T11:43:57","slug":"basic-steps-in-developing-a-research-proposal-for-beginners","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/enviroscholars.com\/wp2\/basic-steps-in-developing-a-research-proposal-for-beginners\/","title":{"rendered":"Basic steps in Developing a Research Proposal for Beginners"},"content":{"rendered":"<ol>\n<li><strong>The Research Proposal<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>Researchable question itself<\/li>\n<li>Why it&#8217;s important (i.e., the rationale and significance of your<br \/>\nresearch)<\/li>\n<li>Propositions that are known or assumed to be true (i.e., axioms<br \/>\nand assumptions)<\/li>\n<li>Propositions that will be tested (i.e., hypotheses or postulates)<\/li>\n<li>Goals and specific objectives of your research activities<\/li>\n<li>Methods you will use to test hypotheses and achieve objectives<\/li>\n<li>Expected results and scope of inference<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>2. Steps in the Scientific Method<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Define the researchable question<\/li>\n<li>Develop hypotheses, predictions, and objectives<\/li>\n<li>Develop materials and methods, including replication<\/li>\n<li>Gather data<\/li>\n<li>Analyze the data (contingency plans if things go wrong?)<\/li>\n<li>Draw conclusions (accept, modify, reject the hypothesis<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>3. <strong>The Hypotheses<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>A new idea<\/li>\n<li>A statement to be tested &#8211; an &#8216;educated guess&#8217; that needs more<br \/>\nstudy to be confirmed or disproved<\/li>\n<li>A proposition that explains some phenomenon<\/li>\n<li>Stated as what you believe to be true \u2013 not what you want to<br \/>\ndisprove (i.e., not a statistical &#8216;null&#8217; hypothesis)<\/li>\n<li>Must be testable (e.g., generate predictions)<\/li>\n<li>The most valuable hypotheses are simple, consistent with what is<br \/>\nalready known, and have broad applicability<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>4. <strong>Methods and expected results<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The materials and methods must describe the:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Proposed experiments or investigations<\/li>\n<li>Materials and techniques that you will use, including their feasibility<\/li>\n<li>Statistical techniques and other methods used to analyze the data<br \/>\nYour expected results and interpretations must describe the:<\/li>\n<li>Results that will lead you to conclude that the hypotheses are proved<br \/>\nor disproved<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0Scope of inference (i.e., to what extent are the results applicable to<br \/>\nother locations, times, or situations?)<\/li>\n<li>Pitfalls that may be encountered<\/li>\n<li>Limitations to the proposed methods<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Research Proposal Researchable question itself Why it&#8217;s important (i.e., the rationale and significance of your research) Propositions that are known or assumed to be&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[100],"tags":[160],"class_list":["post-2085","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-research-tips","tag-research"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.0 - 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